How to Make Friends in College

Lets be honest: making friends in college can be scary. If youre heading to college for the first time, chances are you only know a few people, if that. If youre at a school where you feel like you dont have any friends, it might seem like its too late to focus on making new ones. Fortunately, your time in college is like no other. It is forgiving and built for you to learn and explore, especially when it comes to making friends. Challenge Yourself Making friends in college is a challenge. Know that making friends at school is going to require a little effort on your part. While friendships can blossom naturally, it takes some energy to go out and meet your soon-to-be-friends for the first time. So challenge yourself to step outside of your comfort zone. Do some of the social activities during orientation week sound lame? Yup. But should you go to them anyway? Most definitely. After all, do you want to experience a little awkwardness (the event) for long-term benefits (meeting people), or do you want to experience a little comfort (staying in your room) in exchange for long-term disadvantages (meeting people who might turn into friends)? A little effort now can pay off quite a bit later when it comes to making friends in college. So challenge yourself to try something new, even if it sounds unusual for you or a bit scary at first. Know That Everyone in College is New If youre a first-year student, nearly everyone in your class is brand new. Which means that everyone is trying to meet people and make friends. Consequently, theres no reason to feel awkward or shy about chatting up strangers, joining a group in the quad, or outreaching to as many people as possible. It helps everyone! Additionally, even if youre in your third year in college, there are still new experiences for you. That statistics class you have to take for grad  school? Everyone in it is new to you, and vice versa. The people in your residence hall, apartment building, and the club are all-new, too. So reach out and talk to folks whenever you find yourself in a new situation; you never know where your new best friend is hiding. Know That Its Never Too Late to Start Over in College   One of the best things about college is that its designed to help you grow. Just because you were focused on figuring out what you wanted to major in during your first two years doesnt mean that you cant, for example, join a fraternity or sorority your junior year. If you didnt realize your love of reading and writing poetry until you took that rockin course last semester, know that its not too late to join the poetry club. People come in and out of social spheres and cliques all the time in college; its part of what makes college great. Seize those kinds of opportunities to meet new people whenever and wherever you can. Keep Trying Alright, so this year you wanted to make more friends. You joined a club or two, looked at joining a sorority/fraternity, but its now two months later and nothings clicking. Dont give up! Just because the things you tried didnt work out doesnt mean the next thing you try wont work, either. If nothing else, you figured out what you dont like at your school or in certain groups of people. All that means is that you owe it to yourself to keep trying. Get Out of Your Room If you feel like you dont have any friends, it can be tempting to just go to class, maybe go to work, and then head home. But being alone in your room is the worst possible way to make friends. You have 0% chance of interacting with new people. Challenge yourself a little bit to be around other people. Do your work in the campus coffee shop, library, or even out on the quad. Hang out in the student center. Write your paper in the computer lab instead of your room. Ask some students in your classes if they want to make a study group together. You dont have to be best friends right away, but you will end up helping each other with your homework while also getting some time to get to know each other. There are tons of ways to put yourself in situations where meeting people and making friends can happen organically—but being in your room all the time isnt one of them. Get Involved in Something You Care About Instead of making friends being your motivating factor, let your heart lead the way. Find a campus organization or club, or even one in your neighboring community, and see how you can get involved. Chances are, along with the good work youll be doing, youll find some people with similar values as you. And chances are at least one or two of those connections will turn into a friendship. Be Patient With Yourself Think back to when you were in high school and the friendships youve maintained from there. Your friendships probably changed and morphed from your first day of high school to your last. College is no different. Friendships come and go, people grow and change, and everyone adjusts along the way. If its taking you a little time to make friends in college, be patient with yourself. It doesnt mean you cant make friends; it just means you havent yet. The only way you will end up definitely not making friends in college is to stop trying. So as frustrating  as it may feel and as discouraged as you may be, be patient with yourself and keep trying. Your new friends are out there!

Rules And Regulations In The Money Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2854 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The need for a money market arises because receipts of economic units do not coincide with their expenditures. Money market instruments are generally characterized by a high degree of safety of principal. Maturities range from one day to one year; the most common are three months or less. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rules And Regulations In The Money Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Active secondary markets for most of the instruments allow them to be sold prior to maturity. Unlike organized securities or commodities exchanges, the money market has no specific location. Trading in the money markets involves Treasury bills (MTB), commercial paper (CP), bankers acceptances (BA), and negotiable certificate of deposit (NCD). It provides liquidity funding for the financial system. The money market consists of financial institutions and dealers in money or credit who wish to either borrow or lend. Money market trades in short-term financial instruments commonly called paper. This contrasts with the capital market for longer-term funding, which is supplied by bonds and equity. Surplus units can hold money balance, transactions balances in the form of currency, demand deposits, or other form of money market instrument to insure that planned expenditures can be maintained independently of cash receipts. Surplus units holdings of money market instruments that can be co nverted to cash quickly and at a relatively low cost and that have low price risk due to their short maturities. Economic units can also meet their short-term cash demands by maintaining access to the money market and raising funds there when required. The money market encompasses a group of short-term credit market instruments, futures market instruments, and the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) discount window. The major participants in the money market are commercial banks, governments, corporations, government-sponsored enterprises, money market mutual funds, futures market exchanges, brokers and dealers, and BNM. Financial institutions play three important roles in the money market. First, they borrow in the money market to fund their loan portfolios and to acquire funds to satisfy noninterest bearing (commercial bank are allowed to provide current account which noninterest bearing). Banks are the major participants in the money market activities, which are very short-term, ove rnight loans from other financial institution, funds that can be transferred between banks within a single business day. The funds market efficiently distributes reserves throughout the banking system. The borrowing and lending of reserves takes place at a competitively determined interest rate known as the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR). Financial institutions can also borrow on a short-term basis at the BNM discount window and pay a rate of interest set by the BNM called the discount rate. A banks decision to borrow at the discount window depends on the relation of the discount rate to the OPR rate, as well as on the administrative arrangements surrounding the use of the window. Financial institutions also borrow funds in the money market for longer periods by issuing large NCD and by acquiring funds in the money market. A large denomination NCD is a certificate issued by a financial institution as evidence that a certain amount of money has been deposited for a period of time, usually ranging from one to six months and will be redeemed with interest at maturity. Background of the Study The recent events in the financial markets and their adverse effect on many dealers in money market have raised questions about the future of the money market industry, as well as calls for regulatory reform. The existing money market model has proven to be hugely popular with investors, and aspects of that model are likely to survive any review. It is clear, however, that the money market industry and BNM will consider several variations on the existing product that may address some of the shortcomings that have been exposed in globalization and liberalization environment. The adverse impact of the recent financial crisis on money market especially during Asian financial crisis has exposed risks inherent in their regulatory scheme. As a result, the money market industry and BNM are keeping updating changes to the existing regulatory money market product. The BNM review the extraordinary steps taken in recent years by regulators to address the crisis and discuss changes in the b usiness and regulation of money market in response to recent financial market developments. Literature Review According to Joseph R. Fleming, John V. OHanlon, and Hila Shamir (2009) The Future Of Money Market: Implications Of The Recent Turmoil, BNM took a series of extraordinary steps designed to stabilize the financial system. During this period money market faced special challenges. A steep decline in the market value of shares of companies across a broad spectrum of the economy placed downward pressure on the valuations of corporate debt held by money market at the same time that investor insecurity resulted in record redemption requests from all funds, including money market securities. The impact of the market turmoil on two large, high-profile money market funds was widely reported. Many other money market were on the brink of breaking the buck, and avoided that fate only by obtaining capital support from their management companies or affiliates. The crisis facing money market highlighted the crucial role the funds play in the modern economy. By serving as the primary purchasers of commercial paper (CP) issued by corporate, money market provide the short-term financing that a broad range of companies rely on to run their day-to-day operations. When this critical source of funding began to dry up, concerns over the prospect of a credit crunch hobbling the economy became acute. In response, BNM took a series of steps in an attempt to support price stability and restore liquidity of money market funds According to G. David MacEwen, American Century Investment (2009) Money Market: Reviewing Their Role in Your Investment Portfolio, Investor sentiment has been on the change and riskier assets, including high-yield CP, have rebounded sharply. Yet, investors in high-quality cash equivalent securities continue to face stubbornly low yields. This scenario owes its existence to BNM, government, and market responses to the changes on rule and regulation and global recession. Significant sections of the financial markets are still functioning largely because of gover nment support and accommodative monetary policy from BNM. In particular, the Asian financial crisis prompted the BNM to slash the OPR rate target to a range of 13% to 4%. The BNM unprecedented action was designed to stimulate the economy, bolster the profitability of financial services companies, and increase liquidity in the financial system. Meanwhile, yields for Malaysia Treasury Bill (MTB) are already at rock-bottom levels, and yields for other taxable and tax-exempt money market continue to decline, and could fall further. On top of that, the extraordinary market and economic events forced many investors to abandon the time-tested strategy of diversification. Maintaining a long-term view has been tough, and many investors sat on the sidelines or overloaded their portfolios with cash-equivalent investments (MTB, CP, NCD, and BA). The heightened demand for these conservative investments, combined with BNM monetary policies, sent their yields to record lows, creating challen ges for investors who value income above all else. Challenges of Money Market Global financial environment characterized by unstable money markets, increasingly frequent episodes of financial stress and structural financial imbalances and the profound changes arising from advances in technology and the globalization process, the issue of money market stability has been accorded the highest priority. Indeed, the global community is presented with the challenge of regulatory reform to address the increasingly complex and heightened risks following these developments. Achieving an efficient, effective and stable financial sector is a fundamental enabling requirement for sustainable money market growth. The regulation of financial institutions is most effective where there is already a sound regulatory framework in place that provides for adequate reporting, monitoring of capital adequacy, risk management controls and customer disclosure so that in order to ensure that institutions know their customers to prevent money laundering. Sound regulation can help en sure problems of asymmetric information are overcome, as if customers lack confidence in a financial institution then this may result in a financial panic, in the case of a bank a run on deposits threatening the collapse of the institution. During the G-20 Finance Ministers and Governors Meeting in November 2009, the IMF has crafted seven principles for exit policies which are Intended to Establish Common Ground for the Design and Implementation of Policies During the Exit from the Extraordinary Support Measures Taken During The Crisis. The recommends that the timing of exits be dependent on the state of the economy and the financial system, and should err on the side of further supporting demand and financial repair. Policy stimulus and other critical support measures should be withdrawn only when there is firm evidence of durable financial stability and a self-sustaining recovery in private demand. To anchor market expectation, it is important to stress the need for the exit pl ans to be well established early and communicated clearly by the policy makers to the public. Financial institutions have demonstrated that they are vulnerable to the collective draw to money market activities aggressively when times are good, only to excessively less trading when the economic cycle experiences a downturn. This behavior amplifies the impact of the economic cycle on bank lending and is termed as pro-cyclicality. The recent sub-prime crisis underscores the severity of the boom and bust consequences of the pro-cyclicality feature of money market in particular and activities of the financial institutions in general. Unfortunately, present available measures and regulations are gravely inadequate to manage this pro-cyclicality. Many have argued, for instance, that the Basel II capital adequacy requirement (CAR) is inadequate, especially during a financial crisis or economic slowdown. The risk-weighted averages is incomplete as it does not attach sufficient weight t o macro prudential risk and liquidity risk. The Basel II capital requirement focuses solely on the relative weight charged against different classes of assets. Moreover, many reports have also drawn attention to different interpretations of the weights associated with different assets of different BNM. Furthermore, there has been too much focus on the risk associated with commercial paper, rather than on the level of leverage building up in the whole financial system. In particular, the regulation evaluates each bank independently and in isolation, largely without much regard to spillover and feedback effects. In any case, until recently, many believed that when financial institutions are strong, it is a sufficient condition for financial stability. By contrast, on a wider perspective, the objective of regulation is to reduce the probability of distress for the entire financial system. The source of distress incorporates a host of potential channels, including interdependence and linkages among financial institutions through clearing and settlement systems, and common exposures. Prospect of Money Market The Malaysian Financial Sector Masterplan represents the blueprint for the development of the financial sector over a 10- year period. The plan, which was launched in 2001, places importance on the development of Malaysia Banking and Money market sector as an important component in the financial system. To achieve this objective, emphasis is being given to financial infrastructure and institutional development, aimed at enhancing efficiency of the system and building the internal resilience and competitive position of the money market operators, while meeting the needs of the nation. This includes providing the foundations for the development of the financial markets and strengthening the institutional development. As part of this process, the benchmarking exercise is an important tool to enhance performance and to guide the money market operators on improvement of their business strategies. To reinforce this, a service quality index has also been initiated to promote the developme nt of world-class products and services. This is also complemented with a comprehensive consumer education programme so as to promote product transparency and increase accountability. The introduction of financial advisers is also a further element to facilitate consumer access to a wider range of financial products. Money Market is ascending to greater prominence in the global financial system and has fast extended beyond major industrial economies. This growing significance is a manifestation of the viability of money market as a financial intermediation channel that supports economic growth and development of nations. While it was initially developed to fulfill the needs of the investor, money market has now gained universal acceptance. The appreciation of its promising potential has prompted interest amongst financial institutions to venture into this fast expanding market. At the heart of this expansion emerged the need for the development of the regulatory dimension to e xplicitly address the unique features product offers by money market. At present, money market has to a large extent, been governed by the regulatory framework, and reinforced by accounting standards. However, Islamic money market come in force, is distinct from money makret activities in terms of its underlying philosophy on the prohibition of interest, which in turn shapes the nature of its financial transactions, and its risk attributes. It believes money market compasses 80% of overall conventional and Islamic money market activities. The forces of globalization, financial liberalization, technological advancements, greater competition and financial innovation have created new risks which are more complex and which have more profound systemic implications. Accordingly, to manage these risks, prudential regulation and supervisory oversight have become more demanding and challenging. To ensure the money market regulators and supervisors are able to respond effectively to the ch anging environment, the Basel Committee has revised its Capital Accord to be more riskfocused and risk-sensitive. The evolution of an appropriate financial structure would need to take into account the role of the money market in the economy and the objectives that need to be achieved. The appropriate financial structure, particularly in emerging market economies, needs to be designed to meet the requirements of the need of investor in investing in money market. The financial system needs to be in a position to support the real sector, changing and evolving with the changing needs of the economy. The strategy adopted by BNM is to develop a comprehensive financial system that is able to operate in parallel with the Islamic financial system The Malaysian Financial Sector Masterplan further provides the environment that will encourage active participation in financial institutions in the secondary money instruments. The next phase in this development is the raising of funds from this market by multinational corporations and multilateral institutions. As the volume increases, it would strengthen the inter-linkages and integration amongst the financial centres. In addition to structuring a variety of attractive off-the-shelf instruments, efforts need to be intensified to create a benchmark yield curve for future issues. With a well developed system, the trading of instruments would encourage the free flow of capital movements and would in turn facilitate greater Islamic fund management activities. Conclusion Dynamic financial system is to achieve the ultimate objectives of developing an money market that will be able to contribute significantly to the overall development of our economy through the intermediation process. Thus money market needs to extend its agenda towards the development of a comprehensive financial system. The money market should strive to add value towards enhancing greater integration to the economy and the financial system. To harness the potential fully, genuine endeavours to develop and innovate money market instruments and activities that are able to fulfill the changing requirements of the economy and the emerging needs of the contemporary global market place need to be continuously pursued. Conferences such as this can contribute invaluable ideas to foster new initiatives towards the development of the financial system. With the acceleration of its global integration, it will provide the synergies and opportunities for the money market industry to evolve into an important component of the international financial system that can contribute to enhance prospects for balanced global growth and shared prosperity. Amongst the most imminent challenges is the creation of the critical mass in the market to allow for meaningful cross-border alliances at the regional and global level. The establishment of an adequate number of money market operators in the market is also crucial to provide the groundwork for the setting up of more operators, in terms of sustaining business support and providing the economies of scale in order for the money market industry to develop. On top of that, government play important role in the development of the money market industy. The role of the government is, amongst others to provide the enabling environment and put in place from the outset, the necessary infrastructure through the formulation of a comprehensive set of legal and regulatory framework for money market. In addition, this framework needs to be re inforced by a BASEL framework to ensure that all financial transactions are acceptable by investor. The challenge to develop regulatory standards that remain to efficiency of money market is an important element in the development and growth of the financial institution. The development of financial system that is able to contribute towards stability and balanced global growth needs to be achieved in the context of a rigorous and robust legal, regulatory and supervisory regime. This is reinforced by effective supervision, strong framework and an efficient judiciary system that promote confidence and soundness in the Islamic financial system. It is with the combined commitment and concerted efforts by the regulators, the industry and market participants that these goals can be achieved.

A Jewel Through The Decades The Sapphire - 2498 Words

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Then we can infer the devastating effect the two have mixed together†¦ In tackling this subject we will: 1.) Examine the Sapphire first as a result of blackness A.) Come to a common agreement on the definition of the namesake: Sapphire B.) Explore the roots of the Sapphire paradigm C.) The Sapphires transition into widespread highly consumed media format. 2.) Look at the Sapphire as a result of sexism A.) Shortly explore the sexism problem in the patriarchal society of the United States B.) Examine how sexism is subtly embedded in culture 3.) Finally integrating the twoShow MoreRelatedChocolat Advertisement: A Healthy and Luxurious Treat Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation will suffer from a chronic illness that will cost thousands of dollars to treat. (Fight Chronic Disease) Many people, organizations and companies are doing something to help stem the tide. Endangered Species Chocolate is one such company. 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Fiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies - 1046 Words

Fiscal Policy Generally fiscal policy is the set of strategies that government implements or plans to use with certain activities such as the collection of revenues and taxes and expenditure that can influence the overall economic condition of the nation. A well written or planned fiscal policy can lead the nation to the steady path of the strong economy, increase employment and also maintains healthy inflation. Every country needs fiscal policy as fiscal policy plays a vital role on monitoring the pattern of the flow of nation’s expenditure to the economy and also the nation’s revenue generated from the economy. It also helps to stimulate the economic growth during the period of economic recession. The main aim of the fiscal policy is to maintain a steady fiscal growth with respect to both higher and lower economic cycle. There is an intimate relationship between fiscal and monetary policy though these both entities are conducted for different purposes. These are basically not the a lternative but the complement to each other. Fiscal policy always supports monetary policy during the time of recession such as Global Financial Crisis of 2008.Many countries enacted lots of stimulus plans related to fiscal policy in order to cope with the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Among those India also adopted many different new techniques of fiscal policy in order to survive during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. India is a federal democratic country located in South Asia regionShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies1193 Words   |  5 Pagesrecession to containing inflation, achieving full employment to increasing economic output. Fiscal policy is one of the tools often used to realise these goals and create financial stability. There are two ways in which fiscal policy can be implemented, either a contractionary fiscal policy, or an expansionary fiscal policy, which I will explore in this assignment. 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However, there are a number of problems in using fiscal policy to control aggregate demand - one of the most significant is the problem of time-lags. 1. Time Lags Many aspects of fiscal policy have a delayed effect on aggregate demandRead MoreAnalysis of Discretionary Fiscal Policy Essay699 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscretionary fiscal policy the government spends and taxes to change the economy during a particular problem. Both Congress and the president have to take action when they agree that the economy is in need. When they do this they are trying to simulate the economy during a time of recession. Economists thought discretionary fiscal policy would eliminate the instability of the recession, however most had given up on the idea by 1980. The most noticeable discretionary fiscal policy is the discretionary

Shoes with Soul Two Friends Realize a Dream Free Essays

Shoes With Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream 1. Renee Albertelli and Richard Rodriguez had certain things about their personality characteristics that helped them navigate the struggles of starting any kind of business. One of these characteristics they demonstrated is something every owner needs in order to run any type of business, which is having passion, enthusiasm, and determination, with these characteristics are needed to launch their new business. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now The excessive interest and energy they had to start this business never failed them; it was the most essential fuel for their vision on how they want to fully build their business. Albertelli’s characteristics portrayed how unselfish she is because of her current job, it allowed her to travel to different parts of the world and opened her eyes and made her aware and realize how many people from these different parts of the world earned their money. Also, both Albertelli and Rodriguez were both risk takers, they enjoyed seeing the options that potentially fail, but keep it at something positive, aside from being risky, they were committed because they both cashed in their retirement plans in order to fund the production of the products they want to sell. 2. Rodriguez and Albertelli’s decision to focus their marketing efforts on the Artisans who made the shoes was a wise decision. Giving the credit to those who worked hard in creating these shoes creates a belief that would be appealing to their consumers. The belief and idea of their business becomes the trademark of the company, and they will be remembered for their honest ways of wanting others to know where their product is created. This could potentially be a huge hit to those who share the same beliefs and values in wanting to credit those who devote their lives to certain things. The women’s desire to make a living and provide for their families by preparing the leather, designing, and assembling each paid of sandals was very impressive, and without them the product could never have been made. Personally, anyone who has any share in any type of business deserves to be given credit throughout the company’s success. Because without them there would be no business to work with. I’m quite impressed with the way they took their cause and made it a business but stayed devoted to who worked hard completing it. This product could easily have the influenced consumers who share the same admiration Albertelli had and purchase the product because of the positive belief the product has. 3. The management challenges that might cause Shoes with Soul to stagger would probably be the lack of experience. Even though Albertelli and Rodriguez are indeed educated and are knowledgeable in their current arrangements of marketing and finance, they probably aren’t aware or familiar with certain tasks when it comes to being a new business entrepreneurs’. This could be a down fall because of having to seek different advice from different people who could potential help, or harm them. There is a huge possibility that they might face stiff competition from other firms that have been running in the business longer than they have. However, if this business begins to grow and develop, they will need to hire employees who will assist them in running their business because the work load may become too over bearing. Some ways to avoid these â€Å"stumbling blocks† and allow them to guide their new business to success is to develop a new distribution channel, create new products, and cost cutting measures. By doing so, this could open a new door for consumers to see the business developing and exploring to expand, yet doing it in a costly matter rather than having expensive products take control of their company. This allows the country to stick to its main morals, beliefs, and values. How to cite Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream, Papers

Global Market Research Heineken in Australia-Get Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Market Research of Heineken. Answer: Background of the Research The Heineken Company was founded in the year of 1864 by Gerad Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. Currently its operations divided into five regions that are Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, The Americas, Africa and the Middle East, and Asia Pacific. Within these areas the company has nearly 120 brewing plants in more than 70 countries (Colen and Swinnen 2016). However, it is the first time that Heineken is planning to make their presence in the Australian market. Currently in Australia, top beer companies are Cascade Brewery, Castlemaine Perkins, Coopers Brewery and Hahn Brewery (Johnston et al. 2016). However, from the current beer consumption trends, it can be said that if Heineken joins the Australian beer market, then they will have to bear heavy losses. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, beer accounted for about three quarters of the alcohol consumed by the Australian people in the previous years. However, it now makes up only about 40% of the total consumption (Livingston and Dietze 2016). This clearly states that slowly but steadily beer consumption rate is falling down in Australia. In this scenario it can be said that Heineken managements decision to expand their business in Australia is not an efficient one. Previous Research According to Chikritzhs et al. (2010), consumption of alcohol in Australia was at its peak since 1991-1992. It was expected that consumption rate of any alcohol will increase among the people of Australia in the upcoming years. However, it was mentioned that excise tax on ready-to-drink spirit-based products will increase from April 2008 which will affect the rate of beer consumption in Australia. On the other hand, as mentioned by Janssens et al. (2001), obesity and BMI (body mass index) is another problem among the Australians that is forcing them to consume less amount of alcohol. However, in the research, it is also mentioned that increased amount of alcohol consumption can only affect the male as it slightly increased their BMI. On the other hand, for the female consumers, consumption of beer does not increase their body mass. From this research, it can be stated that consumption beer seems not to confer an increased risk for obesity and overweight among the women. From this ana lysis it can be stated that Heineken has a moderate amount of the chance to become successful in the Australian market as their beer products will have lesser amount of calories and will target only the female customers of the country. However, as per mentioned by Johnston et al. (2016), in Australia the most advertised alcohol product was Wine with a 44% advertisement rate. Advertisement rate of Beer in the country is 24% that clearly exhibits that currently Wine is the most popular product in the Australian market. From this data it can be stated that Heineken will not only compete with existing beer companies, but will also compete with the wine manufacturing organizations in order to gain a stable position in the alcohol market of Australia. Literature review Levy and Shapnel (2014) has stated that the sales of non-alcoholic water based beverage in Australia have increased at the rate of 1.7% p.a. The breakup of the sales regarding this sale can be categorized into non-sugar varieties non-alcoholic drinks and sugar varieties of energy drinks and soft drinks. In the period of 15 years, it is seen that the volume of share of sales has increased from 30% to 42%. On the contrary, the sales of beer and other carbonated drinks have been drastically fallen to 0.7%. The middle-income group people as well as the higher income group people consumed carbonated drinks and beer compared to lower income group people. The drinking culture in Australia as well as in global perspectives has been changed. The decline in drinking culture of beer is the problem for the alcohol and spirited beverages manufacturers across the world. The companies are facing difficulties while determining the issues in drinking cultures among different categories of people. The culture of drinking is related with many influences such as structural and demographic changes, health and advertising promotion, purchasing power of consumers, taste preferences of consumers, buying attitude of consumers towards carbonated drinks, etc. It can be said that the consumers are more health conscious nowadays while purchasing high calorie oriented drinks including beer (Pennay and Room 2016). Jiang and Livingston (2015) stated that alcohol consumption of the Australian consumers is positively associated with the consumers affordability and is negatively associated with the price of alcohol. Author points out the fact that the increasing taxes and prices of alcohol will help in reducing the consumption of alcohol in Australia. Pricing policies of alcohol will cautiously focus on beverage types of individuals. If the price of any alcoholic drink increases then the sales of the substitute alcoholic drinks will be increased substantially. The associations between the fatal injuries and the population level of alcohol are considered as the factors that are responsible for creation of external impacts in the perspective of major policy interventions. The study regarding the alcohol and beer consumption is conducted while quantifying the associations between non traffic and traffic mortality rates and the per capita alcohol consumption among Australian consumers. The major traffic safety initiatives are related to the effects of alcohol consumption to the consumers of Australia (Callinan and Livingston 2014). The level of consumption of beer across the world is unstable after the World War II. It is seen that the per capita consumption of beer has been declined in the countries where beer production is occurring. The technological innovations with the increase of income of people are not responsible for the falling consumption of beer in different countries. In developed countries like Australia, United States, the trends of drinking alcoholic drinks are reducing due to changing preferences (Piron and Poelmans 2016). The effect of consumption of alcohol is related to the cause of many diseases in the consumer of the drinks. The increased risk of disease in esophagus is due to excess alcohol consumption. The risk also increases due to the impact of smoking in the risk of diseases apart from esophageal diseases like cancer. Research has been conducted among the drinkers that most of the consumers of alcohol consume beer (Thrift et al. 2014). It is seen that the trends of consumption of alcohol is falling drastically. Among the other wine and spirited drinks, the consumption of Beer has fallen at a higher rate. The volume of consumption has been shrunk up to 10% considering the past six years. It is the reason of worrying the Australian brewers. The trends of reducing beer consumption among the Australians have forced the brewers to formulate and discover new products that will satisfy the needs of the consumers in Australia along with the profitability of the country (de Gaetano et al. 2016). Statement of the problem Heineken 3 is seeking to launch its new brand of its low calorie drinks in Australian market. However, on initial consumer trials it is seen that the company has obtained a great responses from the respondent consumers. The statement of the problem focuses on the marketing and identification of the opportunities in leveraging the easy drinking and spontaneous consumptions. It is seen that the company is targeting female consumers as they have portrayed the Heineken 3 as a low calorie drink with lower carbohydrate content (Bartram et al. 2017). The case study illustrates that the company is facing issues while conducting marketing research in determining the actual beer consumption occasions among the consumers of Australia. The initial research has pointed out that the consumers want a product that would match their lifestyle without compromise in quality and taste. MDP- In Australia, it is seen that the beer consumption has fallen drastically. It is the reason of targeting the female consumers by spreading awareness of the low calorie oriented beer in the market. By taking this consent, Heineken will be launching its new brand Heineken 3 in Australia where the consumption rate is falling day by day. The management of the company is in dilemma whether the Australian consumers will accept the brand like that of other Heineken products or not. The research objectives of the study is To find out the beer consumption trend in Australia To identify the issues related to falling beer consumption rate in Australia To identify the opportunities for Heineken in launching its new brand in Australian market The research questions of the study is MRP 1: What is the trend of beer consumption rate in Australia? H1- The rate of beer consumption in Australia is decreasing as the consumers are becoming more health conscious. MRP 2: What are the issues that are occurring related to the decreased beer consumption rate in Australia? H2- The issues are related to health and safety i.e. chance of getting obsessed. MRP 3: What are the opportunities that Heineken will be using while launching its brand extension in Australian market? H3- Heineken is targeting female consumers with the low calorie oriented drink. Research Design Role of Qualitative research Qualitative research is known as a method of inquiry used in many dissimilar academic disciplines that includes social sciences and natural sciences but also includes non-academic contexts such as market research, business and service demonstrations by non-profits (Smith et al. 2015. In this particular research it is important to conduct a qualitative research method to understand current beer drinking occasions in Australia. It is known as a more focuses and appropriate method than quantitative method. In quantitative method a research problem is quantified by generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable statistics (Silverman 2016). However, to find out the latest beer drinking trends among the Australian consumers, it is necessary to conduct an exploratory research method which will be able to gain opinions and motivations of the consumers. Qualitative research method will help to collect thoughts and opinions and will uncover latest trends. That is why; q ualitative research would be appropriate for this research. Qualitative research technique Qualitative research methods can be conducted by using several different methods such as interview, focus group, observation, self study, ethnography and action research (Ritchie et al. 2013. For this particular research the methods of focus group and interview will be used. Conducting focus groups with the female consumers of Australia will help to pinpoint the problems of Heineken. On the other hand, it will also help to understand what the consumers are thinking currently about the beer products. Approximate Cost analysis For this proposal, an estimated cost analysis structure is hereby mentioned below. Activities Cost Hours Cost per hour () Total () Questionnaire Design 24 22 528 Questionnaire Printing 60 Questionnaire Handling 36 14 360 Data Entry 12 15 180 Data Analysis 25 22 550 Report Writing 40 15 600 Total 138 88 2278 Time Main activities/ stages Month March Month April Month May Month June Month July Month August Topic Selection Data collection from secondary sources Framing layout of the research Literature review Formation of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Conclusion of the Study Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work References Bartram, A., Eliott, J., Hanson-Easey, S. and Crabb, S., 2017. How have people who have stopped or reduced their alcohol consumption incorporated this into their social rituals?.Psychology Health, pp.1-17. Callinan, S., Room, R. and Livingston, M., 2014. Changes in Australian attitudes to alcohol policy: 19952010.Drug and alcohol review,33(3), pp.227-234. Chikritzhs, T.N., Allsop, S.J., Moodie, A.R. and Hall, W.D., 2010. Per capita alcohol consumption in Australia: will the real trend please step forward.Med J Aust,193(10), pp.594-597. Colen, L. and Swinnen, J., 2016. Economic Growth, Globalisation and Beer Consumption.Journal of agricultural economics,67(1), pp.186-207. de Gaetano, G., Costanzo, S., Di Castelnuovo, A., Badimon, L., Bejko, D., Alkerwi, A.A., Chiva-Blanch, G., Estruch, R., La Vecchia, C., Panico, S. and Pounis, G., 2016. Effects of moderate beer consumption on health and disease: A consensus document.Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases,26(6), pp.443-467. Janssens, J., BRUCKERS, L., Joossens, J.V., MOLENBERGHS, G., VINCK, J., RENARD, D. and Tafforeau, J., 2001. Overweight, obesity and beer consumption. Alcohol drinking habits in Belgium and body mass index. Jiang, H. and Livingston, M., 2015. The dynamic effects of changes in prices and affordability on alcohol consumption: an impulse response analysis.Alcohol and Alcoholism,50(6), pp.631-638. Johnston, R., Stafford, J., Pierce, H. and Daube, M., 2016. Alcohol promotions in Australian supermarket catalogues.Drug and Alcohol Review. Levy, G.S. and Shrapnel, W.S., 2014. Quenching Australia's thirst: A trend analysis of water?based beverage sales from 1997 to 2011.Nutrition Dietetics,71(3), pp.193-200. Livingston, M. and Dietze, P., 2016. National survey data can be used to measure trends in population alcohol consumption in Australia.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,40(3), pp.233-235. Pennay, A. and Room, R., 2016. Drinking cultures and change: Local, national and global. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 23(1), pp. 267-269. Piron, E. and Poelmans, E., 2016. Beer, the Preferred Alcoholic Drink of All? Changes in the Global and National Beer Consumption Since 1960 and Convergence and Trends Since the 1990s. InBrewing, Beer and Pubs(pp. 205-227). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. and Ormston, R. eds., 2013.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Thrift, A.P., Kramer, J.R., Richardson, P.A. and El-Serag, H.B., 2014. No significant effects of smoking or alcohol consumption on risk of Barretts esophagus.Digestive diseases and sciences,59(1), pp.108-116.